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  柔性電子產(chǎn)品的快速發(fā)展激發(fā)了人們對(duì)可穿戴應(yīng)用的極大興趣，特別是那些將柔性電子產(chǎn)品納入紡織品的應(yīng)用。其中，顯示功能對(duì)于柔性可穿戴電子紡織品尤為重要，因?yàn)樗?/span>可以實(shí)時(shí)顯示來自其他集成器件的信號(hào)，增強(qiáng)用戶體驗(yàn)和交互。

  近日，浙江理工大學(xué)紡織科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院（國(guó)際絲綢學(xué)院）胡毅教授團(tuán)隊(duì)在國(guó)際知名期刊Advanced Fiber Materials上（影響因子21.3）在線發(fā)表了題為《Fluorescent Dye-Enhanced ACEL Fibers for Omnidirectional Luminescence and Voice-Interactive Human-Machine Interfaces》的研究論文。本研究立足紡織染整領(lǐng)域優(yōu)勢(shì)，創(chuàng)新引入熒光染料實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)光纖維色彩調(diào)節(jié)，并集成聲音傳感模塊，通過識(shí)別語(yǔ)音（英文單詞/句子）和音量（分貝大�。�實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性可穿戴紡織品的多色顯示。論文DOI：10.1007/s42765-025-00579-w。浙江理工大學(xué)紡織科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院（國(guó)際絲綢學(xué)院）碩士研究生張英和劉明宇為本文共同第一作者，通訊作者為浙江理工大學(xué)博士生導(dǎo)師胡毅教授。

  雖然傳統(tǒng)的平面和薄膜可穿戴發(fā)光電子器件具有很高的光學(xué)和電子性能，但通常它們的透氣性和舒適性有限，導(dǎo)致不太適合長(zhǎng)期穿戴。作為紡織品的基本組成部分，纖維具有優(yōu)異的柔韌性。當(dāng)編織到織物結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，基于纖維的電子元件可以在不影響透氣性的情況下獲得更高的耐久性、靈活性和集成度。

  鑒于此，浙江理工大學(xué)紡織科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院（國(guó)際絲綢學(xué)院）博士生導(dǎo)師胡毅教授課題組報(bào)道了一種方法，通過結(jié)合共軛靜電紡絲和溶液浸涂技術(shù)連續(xù)制備多色彩ACEL纖維器件。通過在纖維器件中引入有機(jī)熒光染料作為顏色轉(zhuǎn)換層，實(shí)現(xiàn)了寬色域的顏色調(diào)制。由此制備的ACEL纖維是智能紡織品應(yīng)用的理想選擇，因?yàn)樗诒３謨?yōu)異手感的同時(shí)顯示出明亮、均勻和全向的發(fā)光性能。這項(xiàng)工作的創(chuàng)新之處在于將ACEL纖維與具備語(yǔ)音和音量識(shí)別功能的聲音傳感驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊集成在一起，從而擴(kuò)大了其在聽障人士通信、高噪聲環(huán)境預(yù)警和醫(yī)療呼吸聲監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用。總體而言，該研究為可穿戴光電系統(tǒng)、交互紡織品和多功能電子紡織平臺(tái)開辟了新的可能性。

圖 1 ACEL纖維聲音傳感可視化顯示系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、制造及集成

Fig. 1 Design, fabrication, and integration of ACEL fiber-based sound-sensing visual display system. a Schematic diagram of the ACEL fiber preparation process, with an inset showing the luminescent spinning solution composition. b Structural representation of the core-multi-shell ACEL fiber, illustrating its functional layers. c Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the ACEL fiber cross-section, showing the distinct layer structure. d Fluorescence microscopy image of the ACEL fiber cross-section, highlighting the uniform distribution of fluorescent dyes within the color conversion layer. e Example of ACEL fiber integrated into a hand-embroidered “Lion Dance” light-emitting textile pattern. Scale bar, 5 cm. f Luminescent hand-embroidered sentence/word pattern of ACEL fiber used for sound-sensing applications. Scale bar, 5 cm. g A physical image of the sound-sensing EL driver module, designed for speech recognition and volume detection. Scale bar, 1 cm. h Diagram of application scenarios, where the sound sensor captures sound signals to control the light-emitting display of ACEL fibers, facilitating visual barrier-free communication for hearing-impaired individuals.

  ACEL纖維的連續(xù)制造是通過結(jié)合共軛靜電紡絲和溶液浸涂技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。該制備工藝包括六個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟：（I）共軛靜電紡絲發(fā)光層，（II）浸涂介質(zhì)層，（III）包纏銅絲外電極，（IV）等離子體表面改性，（V）浸涂銀納米線（AgNWs）外電極，（VI）浸涂封裝層。所制備的ACEL纖維的總直徑約為855 μm，發(fā)光層厚度約為57 μm。

圖 2 ACEL纖維的顏色調(diào)節(jié)特性

Fig. 2 Color-conditioning properties of ACEL fibers. a Schematic representation of the structure and color-conditioning mechanism of multicolor ACEL fibers. b Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the FY 3G dye. c Absorption and PL spectra of Rh B dye. d Comparison of electroluminescence (EL) spectra of ACEL fibers with and without the color conversion layer. e CIE coordinates of ACEL fibers with and without the color conversion layer. f Fluorescence microscopy images of ACEL fibers integrated with FY 3G and Rh B color conversion layers. g Visual representation of ACEL fibers exhibiting different colors. Scale bar, 1 cm.

  該工作繼團(tuán)隊(duì)前期在多色平面柔性ACEL器件的研究基礎(chǔ)上，介紹了在原始ACEL纖維的ZnS:Cu/PVDF-HFP發(fā)光層上浸涂熒光染液的工藝。該策略通過構(gòu)建顏色轉(zhuǎn)換層實(shí)現(xiàn)多色發(fā)射，提高光譜輸出。ZnS:Cu/PVDF-HFP復(fù)合微納米纖維的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有高比表面積，為有機(jī)熒光染料分子提供了更多的物理吸附位點(diǎn)，有利于染料分子的物理吸附。這種將熒光染料浸漬在納米纖維發(fā)光層上的方法，有利于多色ACEL纖維的連續(xù)生產(chǎn)，為未來連續(xù)和批量化生產(chǎn)熒光染料增強(qiáng)多色ACEL纖維提供了新的可能性。

圖 3 ACEL纖維的光學(xué)性能

Fig. 3 Performance characteristics of ACEL fibers. a Variation in emitted brightness as a function of applied voltage at driving frequencies. b Change in emitted color coordinates within the CIE 1931 color space with frequency variation (at a fixed voltage of 400 V). The black arrow indicates the shift in color coordinates when the applied frequency increases from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. c Emission spectra of ACEL fibers at different driving frequencies (1-10 kHz) under a fixed voltage of 400 V. d Optical images of ACEL fibers at different applied voltages (with a fixed frequency of 5 kHz). Scale bar, 5 cm. e Optical images of ACEL fibers at different applied frequencies (with a fixed voltage of 300 V). Scale bar, 5 cm. f Temperature variation profiles of ACEL fibers during operation, with the inset showing the corresponding infrared thermography. Scale bar, 0.5 cm. g Dependence of luminescence brightness on the observation angle, with the inset displaying the schematic of the test angle. h ACEL fiber in a knotted configuration, with the inset showing its SEM image. Scale bar, 1 cm.

  系統(tǒng)探究了無顏色轉(zhuǎn)換層ACEL纖維在不同驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓和頻率下的電致發(fā)光特性。ACEL纖維的電致發(fā)光亮度隨交流電壓的增加而顯著增加。在固定的5 kHz驅(qū)動(dòng)頻率下，當(dāng)驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓從200 V增加到700 V時(shí)，纖維發(fā)光亮度從12.95 cd/m²增大到206.20 cd/m²。此外，增加驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓的頻率也會(huì)顯著提高器件的亮度。除了影響發(fā)光強(qiáng)度外，驅(qū)動(dòng)頻率還會(huì)引起ACEL纖維EL光譜的顯著偏移。具體來說，在400 V恒定電壓下，將頻率從1 kHz增加到10 kHz，會(huì)導(dǎo)致EL發(fā)射峰出現(xiàn)明顯的藍(lán)移，從502 nm過渡到462 nm。這種光譜偏移對(duì)應(yīng)了從綠色到藍(lán)色的可見顏色轉(zhuǎn)換，在含有顏色轉(zhuǎn)換層的ACEL纖維中同樣存在類似的現(xiàn)象。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了ACEL纖維通過熒光染料集成實(shí)現(xiàn)顏色調(diào)制和通過頻率控制實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)顏色調(diào)諧的雙重能力，為可定制的光電應(yīng)用提供了一條有前景的途徑。

圖 4 ACEL織物的耐久性能

Fig. 4 Performance and durability of ACEL fabrics. (Scale bar, 1 cm. Data presented as mean ± SD, N=3) a Schematic illustration of the plain weave structure of ACEL fabrics. b Durability test results, inset: photographs of ACEL fabric before and after 96 hours of continuous electroluminescence operation. c Bending test, inset: photographs of ACEL fabrics at bending ratios of 0 and 50 %. d Tensile test results, inset: photograph of ACEL fabric under tensile deformation. e Compression test, inset: photograph showing ACEL fabric compressed by a 500 g weight. f Washing test, inset: photograph of ACEL fabric before and after washing for 180 minutes. g Double 85 wet-hot test, inset: interface displaying the parameter settings of the constant temperature and humidity chamber. h Sweat resistance test, inset: photograph of ACEL fabric immersed in synthetic sweat.

  為了評(píng)估ACEL纖維的可加工性和紡織集成度，使用小型織機(jī)織造平紋ACEL織物，織物樣品尺寸約3 cm × 5 cm。平紋編織結(jié)構(gòu)保證了纖維均勻分布和在機(jī)械變形下保持纖維電致發(fā)光的穩(wěn)定性。制作完成后，進(jìn)行了一系列的穩(wěn)定性和耐久性評(píng)估，以驗(yàn)證ACEL織物在可穿戴電子紡織品中的實(shí)際適用性。大量的耐久性測(cè)試證實(shí)了ACEL纖維的機(jī)械和環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性。具體來說，用ACEL纖維編織的發(fā)光織物在連續(xù)運(yùn)行100小時(shí)后，其亮度保持了91.6%；1000次彎曲、拉伸和壓縮循環(huán)測(cè)試后，亮度保持率分別為97.2%、96.1%和97.5%；經(jīng)過多次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)洗滌循環(huán)后，纖維的亮度保持了92.3%；經(jīng)過72小時(shí)的雙85濕熱測(cè)試（85°C, 85% RH）后亮度保持了94.8%;經(jīng)過72小時(shí)的耐汗液測(cè)試后亮度保持了91.3%。

圖 5 ACEL纖維在智能紡織品和交互系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用

Fig. 5 Applications of ACEL fibers in intelligent textiles and interactive systems. a Auspicious knots are woven using ACEL fibers. Scale bar, 1 cm. b Hand-embroidered outline of the “Lion Dance” pattern, incorporating traditional cultural elements, using ACEL fibers. Scale bar, 5 cm. c Hand-embroidered monogram with color-blocking effects created using ACEL fibers. Scale bar, 1 cm. d Electronic garments incorporating ACEL fiber weaving patterns and embedded fiber batteries. Scale bar, 5 cm. e Block diagram of a sound sensor integrated with an ACEL device for voice recognition and volume detection. f Schematic of the external functional division of an intelligent e-garment with a visual display system for sound sensing. Scale bar, 5 cm. g Hand-embroidered word patterns using ACEL fibers, which alternate illumination based on changes in sound intensity. Scale bar, 1 cm. h Schematic diagram of barrier-free communication for the hearing impaired enabled by a smart electronic garment with a sound-sensing visual display system. Scale bar, 5 cm. i Precise word/sentence illumination controlled by voice recognition in a smart electronic garment equipped with a sound-sensing visual display system. Scale bar, 5 cm.

  為了進(jìn)一步探索ACEL纖維的多功能性和色彩多樣性，采用傳統(tǒng)編織和手工刺繡技術(shù)制作了“吉祥結(jié)”、“ZSTU”和“醒獅”等發(fā)光顯示圖案。還將ACEL纖維手工刺繡成�；�圖案，并使用課題組前期報(bào)道的纖維電池為其供電。將發(fā)光和電源模塊集成到服裝中，展示了ACEL纖維與可穿戴紡織品的無縫集成。此外，將ACEL纖維手工刺繡成基于文本的圖案，并與聲音傳感EL驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊集成，構(gòu)建聲音傳感顯示系統(tǒng)。利用該驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音識(shí)別和聲音分貝檢測(cè)功能，該系統(tǒng)可以有效地將準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別的聲音信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為各種應(yīng)用的視覺反饋。該系統(tǒng)在輔助通信技術(shù)方面具有很大的前景，例如為聽障人士提供聲音可視化顯示，以及在特殊工作場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)，以提供噪音超標(biāo)的視覺警報(bào)。此外，該系統(tǒng)還可在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中監(jiān)測(cè)特定的聲音（例如，咳嗽或喘息），為醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員提供實(shí)時(shí)可視化健康預(yù)警。

  小結(jié)：本研究成功地展示了結(jié)合共軛靜電紡絲和溶液浸涂技術(shù)連續(xù)制備多色彩ACEL纖維器件的方法。ACEL纖維在保持優(yōu)異手感的同時(shí)顯示出明亮、均勻和全向的發(fā)光性能。大量的耐久性測(cè)試證實(shí)了ACEL纖維的機(jī)械和環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性。通過將ACEL纖維與具備語(yǔ)音和音量識(shí)別的聲音傳感驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊集成在一起，從而擴(kuò)大了其在聽障人士通信、高噪聲環(huán)境預(yù)警和醫(yī)療呼吸聲監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用。

  在此，感謝浙江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（LY21E030023）和浙江理工大學(xué)嵊州創(chuàng)新研究院基金項(xiàng)目（SYY2024C000008）的支持！

通訊作者簡(jiǎn)介

  胡毅，男，博士，教授，博士生導(dǎo)師。浙江理工大學(xué)紡織科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院（國(guó)際絲綢學(xué)院）副院長(zhǎng)，主要從事非水介質(zhì)染整新技術(shù)和柔性電子智能紡織品研究。以第一作者或通訊作者在Advanced Functional Materials, Energy Storage Materials, Advanced Fiber Materials, Nano Letters, Nano Energy，Chemical Engineering Journal等刊物上發(fā)表SCI論文70余篇，授權(quán)和轉(zhuǎn)化國(guó)家發(fā)明專利30余項(xiàng)。獲得國(guó)家級(jí)教學(xué)成果二等獎(jiǎng)和浙江省教學(xué)成果特等獎(jiǎng)各1項(xiàng)；主持獲得中國(guó)紡織工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)教學(xué)成果一、二、三等獎(jiǎng)，浙江省自然科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)三等獎(jiǎng)和中國(guó)商業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)科技進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)各1項(xiàng)。

  原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-025-00579-w